Test Automation — question 10 of 10
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You build a hardware-in-the-loop rig for a motor controller: a host computer runs a plant model, drives DACs to feed the controller board synthetic sensor voltages, and reads the controller's PWM outputs back through ADCs to check they match the model's expected control response. The controller passes every HIL scenario you throw at it. What categories of real-world failure would this rig be structurally unable to catch, no matter how accurate your plant model is, and what's the biggest gap you'd close first?